Petrochemicals are chemical products made from the hydrocarbons present in raw natural gas and petroleum crude oil. The largest petrochemical manufacturing industries are to... More »

Refugia (singular Refugium) are geographical locations where natural environmental conditions have remained relatively constant or stable during times of great environmental... More »

Ecological pyramids are diagrams that illustrate how ecologically important factors, such as energy, biomass, and population size, vary between trophic levels in an ecosystem.... More »

Jamaican dry forests is an ecoregion that covers a minority of the land area of the nation island of Jamaica, which ranks fifth among the Earth's islands in terms of endemic plant... More »

Cabo de Gata-Nijar Natural Park lies along the Alboran Sea of the  Mediterranean coast of Andalucia, Spain. The most arid area in the entirety of Europe, it boasts varied... More »

Introduction Algae comprise a diverse group of typically autotrophic organisms, ranging from unicellular to multicellular forms. The largest and most complex marine forms... More »