Bernard, Claude
Published: August 18, 2006, 2:46 pm
Updated: August 18, 2006, 2:46 pm
This article has been reviewed by the following Topic Editor:
Tom Lawrence
Claude Bernard (1813-1878), a French physiologist noted for his fundamental contributions to our understanding of human energetics. Bernard showed that the pancreas produces substances that break down molecules of fat. He also discovered that nerves control the blood supply to the organs such that, in cold weather, the nerves restrict the supply of blood to conserve heat, while in hot weather they allow the blood vessels to expand and encourage heat loss through the skin. Bernard found that the human body has control mechanisms that produce hormones to maintain body temperature, nutrient levels, and waste products. This process would later be known as homeostasis.
Further Reading
Scientist of the Month
LaFollette, Hugh and Niall Shanks, 1994. Animal Experimentation: The Legacy of Claude Bernard. International Studies in the Philosophy of Science Vol. 8 No. 3, pp. 195-210.
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Citation
Cutler J. Cleveland (Lead Author);Tom Lawrence (Topic Editor) "Bernard, Claude". In: Encyclopedia of Earth. Eds. Cutler J. Cleveland (Washington, D.C.: Environmental Information Coalition, National Council for Science and the Environment). [First published in the Encyclopedia of Earth August 18, 2006; Last revised Date August 18, 2006; Retrieved May 21, 2013 <http://www.eoearth.org/article/Bernard,_Claude>
The Author
Cutler J. Cleveland is Professor of Earth and Environment at Boston University, where he also is on the faculty of the Center for Energy and Environmental Studies. Professor Cleveland is Editor-in-Chief of the Encyclopedia of Energy (Elsevier, 2004), winner of an American Library Association award, the Dictionary of Energy (Elsevier, 2005), Handbook of Energy (Elsevier, forthcoming), and is the Founding Editor-in-Chief of the Encyclopedia of Earth. He is the recipient of the Adelma ... (Full Bio)
Claude Bernard (1813-1878), a French physiologist noted for his fundamental contributions to our understanding of human energetics. Bernard showed that the pancreas produces substances that break down molecules of fat. He also discovered that nerves control the blood supply to the organs such that, in cold weather, the nerves restrict the supply of blood to conserve heat, while in hot weather they allow the blood vessels to expand and encourage heat loss through the skin. Bernard found that the human body has control mechanisms that produce hormones to maintain body temperature, nutrient levels, and waste products. This process would later be known as homeostasis.
Further Reading
Scientist of the Month
LaFollette, Hugh and Niall Shanks, 1994. Animal Experimentation: The Legacy of Claude Bernard. International Studies in the Philosophy of Science Vol. 8 No. 3, pp. 195-210.
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