AI

aridity index

AKRSP

Aga Khan Rural Support Programme

AMF

arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

ASB

alternatives to slash-and-burn

ASOMPH

Asian Symposium on Medicinal Plants, Spices and Other Natural Products

AVHRR

advanced very high resolution radiometer

BCA

benefit-cost analysis

BGP

Biogeochemical Province

BII

Biodiversity Intactness Index

BMI

body mass index

BNF

biological nitrogen fixation

BOOT

build-own-operate-transfer

BRT

Bus Rapid Transit (Brazil)

BSE

bovine spongiform encephalopathy

Bt

Bacillus thuringiensis

C&I

criteria and indicators

CAFO

concentrated animal feeding operations

CAP

Common Agricultural Policy (of the European Union)

CAREC

Central Asia Regional Environment Centre

CBA

cost-benefit analysis

CBD

Convention on Biological Diversity

CBO

community-based organization

CCAMLR

Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources

CCN

cloud condensation nuclei

CCS

CO₂ capture and storage

CDM

Clean Development Mechanism

CEA

cost-effectiveness analysis

CENICAFE

Centro Nacional de Investigaciones de Cafe´ (Colombia)

CFCs

chlorofluorocarbons

CGIAR

Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research

CIFOR

Center for International Forestry Research

CITES

Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora

CMS

Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (Bonn Convention)

CONICET

Consejo de Investigaciones Cient?´ficas y Te´cnicas (Argentina)

COP

Conference of the Parties (of treaties)

CPF

Collaborative Partnership on Forests

CSIR

Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (South Africa)

CV

contingent valuation

CVM

contingent valuation method

DAF

decision analytical framework

DALY

disability-adjusted life year

DDT

dichloro diphenyl trichloroethane

DES

dietary energy supply

DHF

dengue hemorrhagic fever

DHS

demographic and health surveys

DMS

dimethyl sulfide

DPSEEA

driving forces-pressure-state-exposure-effect-action

DPSIR

driver-pressure-state-impact-response

DSF

dust storm frequency

DU

Dobson Units

EEA

European Environment Agency

EEZ

exclusive economic zone

EGS

ecosystem global scenario

EHI

environmental health indicator

EIA

environmental impact assessment

EID

emerging infectious disease

EKC

Environmental Kuznets Curve

EMF

ectomycorrhizal fungi

E/MSY

extinctions per million species per year

ENSO

El Niño/Southern Oscillation

EPA

Environmental Protection Agency (United States)

EPI

environmental policy integration

EU

European Union

EU ETS

European Union Emissions Trading System

FAO

Food and Agriculture Organization (United Nations)

FAPRI

Food and Agriculture Policy Research Institute

FLEGT

Forest Law Enforcement, Governance, and Trade

FRA

Forest Resources Assessment

FSC

Forest Stewardship Council

GATS

General Agreement on Trade and Services

GATT

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

GCM

general circulation model

GDI

Gender-related Development Index

GDP

gross domestic product

GEF

Global Environment Facility

GEO

Global Environment Outlook

GHG

greenhouse gases

GIS

geographic information system

GIWA

Global International Waters Assessment

GLASOD

Global Assessment of Soil Degradation

GLC

Global Land Cover

GLOF

Glacier Lake Outburst Flood

GM

genetic modification

GMO

genetically modified organism

GNI

gross national income

GNP

gross national product

GPS

Global Positioning System

GRoWI

Global Review of Wetland Resources and Priorities for Wetland Inventory

GSG

Global Scenarios Group

GSPC

Global Strategy for Plant Conservation

GtC-eq

gigatons of carbon equivalent

GWP

global warming potential

HDI

Human Development Index

HIA

health impact assessment

HIPC

heavily indebted poor countries

HPI

Human Poverty Index

HPS

hantavirus pulmonary syndrome

HWB

human well-being

IAA

integrated agriculture-aquaculture

IAM

integrated assessment model

IBI

Index of Biotic Integrity

ICBG

International Cooperative Biodiversity Groups

ICDP

integrated conservation and development project

ICJ

International Court of Justice

ICRAF

International Center for Research in Agroforestry

ICRW

International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling

ICSU

International Council for Science

ICZM

integrated coastal zone management

IDRC

International Development Research Centre (Canada)

IEA

International Energy Agency

IEG

international environmental governance

IEK

indigenous ecological knowledge

IFPRI

International Food Policy Research Institute

IGBP

International Geosphere-Biosphere Program

IIASA

International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis

IK

indigenous knowledge

ILO

International Labour Organization

IMF

International Monetary Fund

IMPACT

International Model for Policy Analysis of Agricultural Commodities and Trade

IMR

infant mortality rate

INESI

International Network of Sustainability Initiatives (hypothetical, in Scenarios)

INTA

Instituto Nacional de Tecnolog?´a Agropecuaria (Argentina)

IPAT

impact of population, affluence, technology

IPCC

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

IPM

integrated pest management

IPR

intellectual property rights

IRBM

integrated river basin management

ISEH

International Society for Ecosystem Health

ISO

International Organization for Standardization

ITPGR

International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture

ITQs

individual transferable quotas

ITTO

International Tropical Timber Organization

IUCN

World Conservation Union

UU

illegal, unregulated, and unreported (fishing)

IVM

integrated vector management

IWMI

International Water Management Institute

IWRM

integrated water resources management

JDSD

Johannesburg Declaration on Sustainable Development

JI

joint implementation

JMP

Joint Monitoring Program

LAC

Latin America and the Caribbean

LAI

leaf area index

LARD

livelihood approaches to rural development

LDC

least developed country

LEK

local ecological knowledge

LME

large marine ecosystems

LPI

Living Planet Index

LSMS

Living Standards Measurement Study

LULUCF

land use, land use change, and forestry

MA

Millennium Ecosystem Assessment

MAI

mean annual increments

MBI

market-based instruments

MCA

multicriteria analysis

MDG

Millennium Development Goal

MEA

multilateral environmental agreement

MENA

Middle East and North Africa

MER

market exchange rate

MHC

major histocompatibility complex

MICS

multiple indicator cluster surveys

MIT

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

MPA

marine protected area

MSVPA

multispecies virtual population analysis

NAP

National Action Program (of desertification convention)

NBP

net biome productivity

NCD

noncommunicable disease

NCS

National Conservation Strategy

NCSD

national council for sustainable development

NDVI

normalized difference vegetation index

NE

effective size of a population

NEAP

national environmental action plan

NEP

new ecological paradigm; also net ecosystem productivity

NEPAD

New Partnership for Africa’s Development

NFAP

National Forestry Action Plan

NFP

national forest programs

NGO

nongovernmental organization

NIH

National Institutes of Health (United States)

NMHC

non-methane hydrocarbons

NOAA

National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (United States

NPP

net primary productivity

NSSD

national strategies for sustainable development

NUE

nitrogen use efficiency

NWFP

non-wood forest product

ODA

official development assistance

OECD

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

OSB

oriented strand board

OWL

other wooded land

PA

protected area

PAH

polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

PCBs

polychlorinated biphenyls

PEM

protein energy malnutrition

PES

payment for environmental (or ecosystem) services

PFT

plant functional type

PNG

Papua New Guinea

POPs

persistent organic pollutants

PPA

participatory poverty assessment

ppb

parts per billion

PPI

potential Pareto improvement

ppm

parts per million

ppmv

parts per million by volume

PPP

purchasing power parity; also public-private partnership

ppt

parts per thousand

PQLI

Physical Quality of Life Index

PRA

participatory rural appraisal

PRSP

Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper

PSE

producer support estimate

PVA

population viability analysis

RANWA

Research and Action in Natural Wealth Administration

RBO

river basin organization

RIDES

Recursos e Investigacio´n para el Desarrollo Sustentable (Chile)

RIL

reduced impact logging

RLI

Red List Index

RO

reverse osmosis

RRA

rapid rural appraisal

RUE

rain use efficiency

SADC

Southern African Development Community

SADCC

Southern African Development Coordination Conference

SAfMA

Southern African Millennium Ecosystem Assessment

SAP

structural adjustment program

SAR

species-area relationship

SARS

severe acute respiratory syndrome

SBSTTA

Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice (of CBD)

SEA

strategic environmental assessment

SEME

simple empirical models for eutrophication

SES

social-ecological system

SFM

sustainable forest management

SIDS

small island developing states

SMS

safe minimum standard

SOM

organic matter

SRES

Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (of the IPCC)

SSC

Species Survival Commission (of IUCN)

SWAP

sector-wide approach

TAC

total allowable catch

TBT

tributyltin

TC

travel cost

TCM

travel cost method

TDR

tradable development rights

TDS

total dissolved solids

TEIA

transboundary environmental impact assessment

TEK

traditional ecological knowledge

TEM

terrestrial ecosystem model

TESEO

Treaty Enforcement Services Using Earth Observation

TEV

total economic value

TFAP

Tropical Forests Action Plan

TFP

total factor productivity

TFR

total fertility rate

Tg

teragram (1012 grams)

TK

traditional knowledge

TMDL

total maximum daily load

TOF

trees outside of forests

TRIPS

Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights

TSU

Technical Support Unit

TW

terawatt

UMD

University of Maryland

UNCCD

United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification

UNCED

United Nations Conference on Environment and Development

UNCLOS

United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea

UNDP

United Nations Development Programme

UNECE

United Nations Economic Commission for Europe

UNEP

United Nations Environment Programme

UNESCO

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization

UNFCCC

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

UNIDO

United Nations Industrial Development Organization

UNRO

United Nations Regional Organization (hypothetical body, in Scenarios)

UNSO

UNDP’s Office to Combat Desertification and Drought

USAID

U.S. Agency for International Development

USDA

U.S. Department of Agriculture

VOC

volatile organic compound

VW

virtual water

WBCSD

World Business Council for Sustainable Development

WCD

World Commission on Dams

WCED

World Commission on Environment and Development

WCMC

World Conservation Monitoring Centre (of UNEP)

WFP

World Food Programme

WHO

World Health Organization

WIPO

World Intellectual Property Organization

WISP

weighted index of social progress

WMO

World Meteorological Organization

WPI

Water Poverty Index

WRF

white rot fungi

WSSD

World Summit on Sustainable Development

wta

withdrawals-to-availability ratio (of water)

WTA

willingness to accept compensation

WTO

World Trade Organization

WTP

willingness to pay

WWAP

World Water Assessment Programme

WWF

World Wide Fund for Nature

WWV

World Water Vision