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| Physical Properties | ||
|---|---|---|
| Color | silvery-white | |
| Phase at Room Temp. | solid | |
| Density (g/cm3) | 5.245 | |
| Hardness (Mohs) | --- | |
| Melting Point (K) | 1095.2 | |
| Boiling Point (K) | 1712 | |
| Heat of Fusion (kJ/mol) | 10.5 | |
| Heat of Vaporization (kJ/mol) | 176 | |
| Heat of Atomization (kJ/mol) | 178 | |
| Thermal Conductivity (J/m sec K) | 13.9 | |
| Electrical Conductivity (1/mohm cm) | 11 | |
| Source | Monazite (phosphate), bastnaesite | |
| Atomic Properties | ||
| Electron Configuration | [Xe]6s24f7 | |
| Number of Isotopes | 45 (2 natural) | |
| Electron Affinity (kJ/mol) | 50 | |
| First Ionization Energy (kJ/mol) | 546.7 | |
| Second Ionization Energy (kJ/mol) | 1085 | |
| Third Ionization Energy (kJ/mol) | 2405 | |
| Electronegativity | 1.12 | |
| Polarizability (Å3) | 27.7 | |
| Atomic Weight | 151.96 | |
| Atomic Volume (cm3/mol) | 29 | |
| Ionic Radius2- (pm) | --- | |
| Ionic Radius1- (pm) | --- | |
| Atomic Radius (pm) | 208 | |
| Ionic Radius1+ (pm) | --- | |
| Ionic Radius2+ (pm) | 131 | |
| Ionic Radius3+ (pm) | 108.7 | |
| Common Oxidation Numbers | +2, +3 | |
| Other Oxid. Numbers | --- | |
| Abundance | ||
| In Earth's Crust (mg/kg) | 2.00×100 | |
| In Earth's Ocean (mg/L) | 1.3×10-7 | |
| In Human Body (%) | --- | |
| Regulatory / Health | ||
| CAS Number | 7440-53-1 | |
| OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) | No limits | |
| OSHA PEL Vacated 1989 | No limits | |
| NIOSH Recommended Exposure Limit (REL) | No limits | |
| Sources: University of Wisconsin General Chemistry Mineral Information Institute Jefferson Accelerator Laboratory EnvironmentalChemistry.com | ||
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