UNEP acknowledges the contributions made by many governments, individuals and institutions to the preparation and publication of the fourth Global Environment Outlook: environment for development assessment report. A full list of names of individuals and institutions involved in the assessment process is included from pages 506–514. Special thanks are extended to:

GEO-4 COLLABORATING CENTRES

• Arab Centre for the Studies of Arid Zones and Drylands (ACSAD), Syria
• African Futures Institute, South Africa
• Arab Forest and Range Institute (AFRI), Syria
• Arabian Gulf University (AGU), Bahrain
• Asian Institute of Technology (AIT), Thailand
• Arab Planning Institute (API), Kuwait
• American University of Beirut (AUB), Lebanon
• Bangladesh Centre for Advanced Studies (BCAS), Bangladesh
• Brazilian Institute of the Environment and Natural Renewable Resources (IBAMA), Brazil
• Central European University (CEU), Hungary
• Centre for Environment and Development for the Arab Region and Europe (CEDARE), Egypt
• Centro de Investigaciones de la Economía Mundial (CIEM), Cuba
• Centro Latino Americano de Ecología Social (CLAES), Uruguay
• Centre for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), Columbia University, United States
• Commission for Environmental Cooperation of North America (CEC), Canada
• Development Alternatives (DA), India
• Environment Agency – Abu Dhabi (EAD)/Abu Dhabi, Global Environmental Data Initiative (AGEDI), Abu Dhabi
• European Environment Agency (EEA), Denmark
• UNEP/GRID-Arendal, Norway
• Gateway Antarctica, University of Canterbury, New Zealand
• Indian Ocean Commission (IOC), Mauritius
• Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES), Japan
• International Global Change Institute (IGCI), New Zealand
• International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED), United Kingdom
• International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD), Canada
• Island Resources Foundation (IRF), US Virgin Islands
• International Soil Reference and Information Centre (ISRIC), The Netherlands
• IUCN – The World Conservation Union (IUCN), Switzerland
• Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research (KISR), Kuwait
• Moscow State University (MSU), Russia
• National Environmental Management Authority (NEMA), Uganda
• National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Japan
• Netherlands Environment Assessment Agency (MNP), The Netherlands
• Network for Environment and Sustainable Development in Africa (NESDA), Cote d’Ivoire
• Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment (SCOPE), France
• Scientific Information Center (SIC), Turkmenistan
• Southern African Research and Documentation Centre (SARDC) Musokotwane Environment Resource Centre for Southern Africa (IMERCSA), Zimbabwe
• State Environmental Protection Administration (SEPA), People’s Republic of China
• Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI), Sweden, United Kingdom and United States
• Thailand Environment Institute (TEI), Thailand
• The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), India
• The Macaulay Institute, United Kingdom
• The Regional Environmental Center for Central and Eastern Europe (REC), Hungary
• United Nations University (UNU), Japan
• United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), United Kingdom
• Universidad del Pacífico, Perú
• University of Chile, Chile
• University of Costa Rica Development Observatory (OdD-UCR), Costa Rica
• University of Denver, United States
• University of Kassel, Germany
• University of South Pacific, Fiji Islands
• University of the West Indies, Centre for Environment and Development (UWICED), Jamaica
• University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, Trinidad and Tobago
• World Resources Institute, United States

FUNDING

The Governments of Belgium, The Netherlands, Norway and Sweden together with the UNEP Environment Fund funded the GEO-4 assessment and outreach activities.

High-Level Consultative Group

Jacqueline McGlade (Co-Chair), Agnes Kalibbala (Co-Chair), Ahmed Abdel-Rehim (Alternate), Svend Auken, Philippe Bourdeau, Preety Bhandari, Nadia Makram Ebeid, Idunn Eidheim, Exequiel Ezcurra, Peter Holmgren, Jorge Illueca, Fred Langeweg, John Matuszak, Jaco Tavenier, Dan Tunstall, Vedis Vik, Judi Wakhungu, Toral Patel-Weynand (Alternate)

Coordinating Lead Authors

John Agard, Joseph Alcamo, Neville Ash, Russell Arthurton, Sabrina Barker, Jane Barr, Ivar Baste, W. Bradnee Chambers, David Dent, Asghar Fazel, Habiba Gitay, Michael Huber, Jill Jäger, Johan C. I. Kuylenstierna, Peter N. King, Marcel T. J. Kok, Marc A. Levy, Clever Mafuta, Diego Martino, Trilok S. Panwar, Walter Rast, Dale S. Rothman, George C. Varughese, and Zinta Zommers

Outreach Group

Richard Black, Quamrul Chowdhury, Nancy Colleton, Heather Creech, Felix Dodds, Randa Fouad, Katrin Hallman, Alex Kirby, Nicholas Lucas, Nancy MacPherson, Patricia Made, Lucy O’Shea, Bruce Potter, Eric Quincieu, Nick Rance, Lakshmi M. N. Rao, Solitaire Townsend, Valentin Yemelin

GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT OUTLOOK 4

GEO Coordination section

Sylvia Adams, Ivar Baste, Munyaradzi Chenje, Harsha Dave, Volodymyr Demkine, Thierry De Oliveira, Carolyne Dodo-Obiero, Tessa Goverse, Elizabeth Migongo-Bake, Neeyati Patel, Josephine Wambua

GEO Regional Coordinating team

Adel Abdelkader, Salvador Sánchez Colón, Joan Eamer, Charles Sebukeera, Ashbindu Singh, Kakuko Nagatani Yoshida, Ron Witt, and Jinhua Zhang

UNEP Extended Team

Johannes Akiwumi, Joana Akrofi, Christopher Ambala, Benedicte Boudol, Christophe Bouvier, Matthew Broughton, Edgar Arredondo Casillas, Juanita Castano, Marion Cheatle, Twinkle Chopra, Gerard Cunningham, Arie de Jong, Salif Diop, Linda Duquesnoy, Habib N. El-Habr, Norberto Fernandez, Silvia Giada, Peter Gilruth, Gregory Giuliani, Maxwell Gomera, Teresa Hurtado, Priscilla Josiah, Charuwan Kalyangkura, Nonglak Kasemsant, Amreeta Kent, Nipa Laithong, Christian Lambrecths, Marcus Lee, Achira Leophairatana, Arkadiy Levintanus, Monika Wehrle MacDevette, Esther Mendoza, Danapakorn Mirahong, Patrick M’mayi, Purity Muguku, John Mugwe, Josephine Nyokabi Mwangi, Bruce Pengra, Daniel Puig, Valarie Rabesahala, Anisur Rahman, Priscilla Rosana, Hiba Sadaka, Frits Schlingemann, Meg Seki, Nalini Sharma, Gemma Shepherd, Surendra Shrestha, James Sniffen, Ricardo Sánchez Sosa, Anna Stabrawa, Gulmira Tolibaeva, Sekou Toure, Brennan Van Dyke, Hendricus Verbeek, Anne-Marie Verbeken, Janet Waiyaki, Mick Wilson, Kaveh Zahedi

Production Coordination: Neeyati Patel

GEO-4 e-peer-review coordination: Herb Caudill, Shane Caudill, Sylvia Adams, Harsha Dave

Data Support: Jaap van Woerden, Stefan Schwarzer, Andrea DeBono and Diawoye Konte

Maps: Bounford.com and UNEP/GRID-Arendal

Editors: Mirjam Schomaker, Michael Keating, and Munyaradzi Chenje

Design and layout: Bounford.com

Cover Design: Audrey Ringler

Outreach and Communications: Jacquie Chenje, Eric Falt, Elisabeth Guilbaud-Cox, Beth Ingraham, Steve Jackson, Mani Kabede, Fanina Kodre, Angele Sy Luh, Danielle Murray, Francis Njoroge, Nick Nuttall, Naomi Poulton, David Simpson, Jennifer Smith

UNEP acknowledges the contributions made by many governments, individuals and institutions to the preparation and publication of the fourth Global Environment Outlook: environment for development assessment report. A full list of names of individuals and institutions involved in the assessment process is included from pages 506–514. Special thanks are extended to:

GEO-4 COLLABORATING CENTRES

• Arab Centre for the Studies of Arid Zones and Drylands (ACSAD), Syria
• African Futures Institute, South Africa
• Arab Forest and Range Institute (AFRI), Syria
• Arabian Gulf University (AGU), Bahrain
• Asian Institute of Technology (AIT), Thailand
• Arab Planning Institute (API), Kuwait
• American University of Beirut (AUB), Lebanon
• Bangladesh Centre for Advanced Studies (BCAS), Bangladesh
• Brazilian Institute of the Environment and Natural Renewable Resources (IBAMA), Brazil
• Central European University (CEU), Hungary
• Centre for Environment and Development for the Arab Region and Europe (CEDARE), Egypt
• Centro de Investigaciones de la Economía Mundial (CIEM), Cuba
• Centro Latino Americano de Ecología Social (CLAES), Uruguay
• Centre for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), Columbia University, United States
• Commission for Environmental Cooperation of North America (CEC), Canada
• Development Alternatives (DA), India
• Environment Agency – Abu Dhabi (EAD)/Abu Dhabi, Global Environmental Data Initiative (AGEDI), Abu Dhabi
• European Environment Agency (EEA), Denmark
• UNEP/GRID-Arendal, Norway
• Gateway Antarctica, University of Canterbury, New Zealand
• Indian Ocean Commission (IOC), Mauritius
• Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES), Japan
• International Global Change Institute (IGCI), New Zealand
• International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED), United Kingdom
• International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD), Canada
• Island Resources Foundation (IRF), US Virgin Islands
• International Soil Reference and Information Centre (ISRIC), The Netherlands
• IUCN – The World Conservation Union (IUCN), Switzerland
• Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research (KISR), Kuwait
• Moscow State University (MSU), Russia
• National Environmental Management Authority (NEMA), Uganda
• National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Japan
• Netherlands Environment Assessment Agency (MNP), The Netherlands
• Network for Environment and Sustainable Development in Africa (NESDA), Cote d’Ivoire
• Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment (SCOPE), France
• Scientific Information Center (SIC), Turkmenistan
• Southern African Research and Documentation Centre (SARDC) Musokotwane Environment Resource Centre for Southern Africa (IMERCSA), Zimbabwe
• State Environmental Protection Administration (SEPA), People’s Republic of China
• Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI), Sweden, United Kingdom and United States
• Thailand Environment Institute (TEI), Thailand
• The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), India
• The Macaulay Institute, United Kingdom
• The Regional Environmental Center for Central and Eastern Europe (REC), Hungary
• United Nations University (UNU), Japan
• United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), United Kingdom
• Universidad del Pacífico, Perú
• University of Chile, Chile
• University of Costa Rica Development Observatory (OdD-UCR), Costa Rica
• University of Denver, United States
• University of Kassel, Germany
• University of South Pacific, Fiji Islands
• University of the West Indies, Centre for Environment and Development (UWICED), Jamaica
• University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, Trinidad and Tobago
• World Resources Institute, United States

FUNDING

The Governments of Belgium, The Netherlands, Norway and Sweden together with the UNEP Environment Fund funded the GEO-4 assessment and outreach activities.

High-Level Consultative Group

Jacqueline McGlade (Co-Chair), Agnes Kalibbala (Co-Chair), Ahmed Abdel-Rehim (Alternate), Svend Auken, Philippe Bourdeau, Preety Bhandari, Nadia Makram Ebeid, Idunn Eidheim, Exequiel Ezcurra, Peter Holmgren, Jorge Illueca, Fred Langeweg, John Matuszak, Jaco Tavenier, Dan Tunstall, Vedis Vik, Judi Wakhungu, Toral Patel-Weynand (Alternate)

Coordinating Lead Authors

John Agard, Joseph Alcamo, Neville Ash, Russell Arthurton, Sabrina Barker, Jane Barr, Ivar Baste, W. Bradnee Chambers, David Dent, Asghar Fazel, Habiba Gitay, Michael Huber, Jill Jäger, Johan C. I. Kuylenstierna, Peter N. King, Marcel T. J. Kok, Marc A. Levy, Clever Mafuta, Diego Martino, Trilok S. Panwar, Walter Rast, Dale S. Rothman, George C. Varughese, and Zinta Zommers

Outreach Group

Richard Black, Quamrul Chowdhury, Nancy Colleton, Heather Creech, Felix Dodds, Randa Fouad, Katrin Hallman, Alex Kirby, Nicholas Lucas, Nancy MacPherson, Patricia Made, Lucy O’Shea, Bruce Potter, Eric Quincieu, Nick Rance, Lakshmi M. N. Rao, Solitaire Townsend, Valentin Yemelin

GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT OUTLOOK 4

GEO Coordination section

Sylvia Adams, Ivar Baste, Munyaradzi Chenje, Harsha Dave, Volodymyr Demkine, Thierry De Oliveira, Carolyne Dodo-Obiero, Tessa Goverse, Elizabeth Migongo-Bake, Neeyati Patel, Josephine Wambua

GEO Regional Coordinating team

Adel Abdelkader, Salvador Sánchez Colón, Joan Eamer, Charles Sebukeera, Ashbindu Singh, Kakuko Nagatani Yoshida, Ron Witt, and Jinhua Zhang

UNEP Extended Team

Johannes Akiwumi, Joana Akrofi, Christopher Ambala, Benedicte Boudol, Christophe Bouvier, Matthew Broughton, Edgar Arredondo Casillas, Juanita Castano, Marion Cheatle, Twinkle Chopra, Gerard Cunningham, Arie de Jong, Salif Diop, Linda Duquesnoy, Habib N. El-Habr, Norberto Fernandez, Silvia Giada, Peter Gilruth, Gregory Giuliani, Maxwell Gomera, Teresa Hurtado, Priscilla Josiah, Charuwan Kalyangkura, Nonglak Kasemsant, Amreeta Kent, Nipa Laithong, Christian Lambrecths, Marcus Lee, Achira Leophairatana, Arkadiy Levintanus, Monika Wehrle MacDevette, Esther Mendoza, Danapakorn Mirahong, Patrick M’mayi, Purity Muguku, John Mugwe, Josephine Nyokabi Mwangi, Bruce Pengra, Daniel Puig, Valarie Rabesahala, Anisur Rahman, Priscilla Rosana, Hiba Sadaka, Frits Schlingemann, Meg Seki, Nalini Sharma, Gemma Shepherd, Surendra Shrestha, James Sniffen, Ricardo Sánchez Sosa, Anna Stabrawa, Gulmira Tolibaeva, Sekou Toure, Brennan Van Dyke, Hendricus Verbeek, Anne-Marie Verbeken, Janet Waiyaki, Mick Wilson, Kaveh Zahedi

Production Coordination: Neeyati Patel

GEO-4 e-peer-review coordination: Herb Caudill, Shane Caudill, Sylvia Adams, Harsha Dave

Data Support: Jaap van Woerden, Stefan Schwarzer, Andrea DeBono and Diawoye Konte

Maps: Bounford.com and UNEP/GRID-Arendal

Editors: Mirjam Schomaker, Michael Keating, and Munyaradzi Chenje

Design and layout: Bounford.com

Cover Design: Audrey Ringler

Outreach and Communications: Jacquie Chenje, Eric Falt, Elisabeth Guilbaud-Cox, Beth Ingraham, Steve Jackson, Mani Kabede, Fanina Kodre, Angele Sy Luh, Danielle Murray, Francis Njoroge, Nick Nuttall, Naomi Poulton, David Simpson, Jennifer Smith