Periodic Table:Ruthenium
Published: February 9, 2007, 12:00 am
Updated: October 31, 2011, 4:41 pm
This article has been reviewed by the following Topic Editor:
C Michael Hogan
Previous Element: Technetium
Next Element: Rhodium |
|
| Physical Properties |
| Color |
silvery-white |
| Phase at Room Temp. |
solid |
| Density (g/cm3) |
12.41 |
| Hardness (Mohs) |
6.5 |
| Melting Point (K) |
2583.2 |
| Boiling Point (K) |
4323 |
| Heat of Fusion (kJ/mol) |
25.522 |
| Heat of Vaporization (kJ/mol) |
619 |
| Heat of Atomization (kJ/mol) |
643 |
| Thermal Conductivity (J/m sec K) |
117 |
| Electrical Conductivity (1/mohm cm) |
131.579 |
| Source |
Nickel ores (sulfides) |
| Atomic Properties |
| Electron Configuration |
[Kr]5s14d7 |
| Number of Isotopes |
37 (7 natural) |
| Electron Affinity (kJ/mol) |
101 |
| First Ionization Energy (kJ/mol) |
711.1 |
| Second Ionization Energy (kJ/mol) |
1617.1 |
| Third Ionization Energy (kJ/mol) |
2746.9 |
| Electronegativity |
2.2 |
| Polarizability (Å3) |
9.6 |
| Atomic Weight |
101.07 |
| Atomic Volume (cm3/mol) |
8.1 |
| Ionic Radius2- (pm) |
--- |
| Ionic Radius1- (pm) |
--- |
| Atomic Radius (pm) |
134 |
| Ionic Radius1+ (pm) |
--- |
| Ionic Radius2+ (pm) |
--- |
| Ionic Radius3+ (pm) |
82 |
| Common Oxidation Numbers |
+3, +4 |
| Other Oxid. Numbers |
-2, +1, +2, +5, +6, +7, +8 |
| Abundance |
| In Earth's Crust (mg/kg) |
1.00x10-3 |
| In Earth's Ocean (mg/L) |
7.0x10-7 |
| In Human Body (%) |
0% |
| Regulatory / Health |
| CAS Number |
7440-18-8 |
| OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) |
No limits |
| OSHA PEL Vacated 1989 |
No limits |
| NIOSH Recommended Exposure Limit |
No limits |
Sources:
Mineral Information Institute
Jefferson Accelerator Laboratory
EnvironmentalChemistry.com |
|
Ruthenium is a relatively inert chemical element with atomic number 44. It is a rare transition metal with atomic symbol Ru that belongs within the platinum group of metals within the periodic table. As in the case of other metals of the platinum group, ruthenium is relatively unreactive as a chemical element.
| This article is written at a definitional level only. Authors wishing to improve this entry are inivited to expand the present treatment, which additions will be peer reviewed prior to publication of any expansion. |
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Citation
USGS (minerals information) (Contributing Author);C Michael Hogan (Topic Editor) "Ruthenium". In: Encyclopedia of Earth. Eds. Cutler J. Cleveland (Washington, D.C.: Environmental Information Coalition, National Council for Science and the Environment). [First published in the Encyclopedia of Earth February 9, 2007; Last revised Date October 31, 2011; Retrieved May 21, 2013 <http://www.eoearth.org/article/Ruthenium?topic=74544>
Previous Element: Technetium
Next Element: Rhodium |
|
| Physical Properties |
| Color |
silvery-white |
| Phase at Room Temp. |
solid |
| Density (g/cm3) |
12.41 |
| Hardness (Mohs) |
6.5 |
| Melting Point (K) |
2583.2 |
| Boiling Point (K) |
4323 |
| Heat of Fusion (kJ/mol) |
25.522 |
| Heat of Vaporization (kJ/mol) |
619 |
| Heat of Atomization (kJ/mol) |
643 |
| Thermal Conductivity (J/m sec K) |
117 |
| Electrical Conductivity (1/mohm cm) |
131.579 |
| Source |
Nickel ores (sulfides) |
| Atomic Properties |
| Electron Configuration |
[Kr]5s14d7 |
| Number of Isotopes |
37 (7 natural) |
| Electron Affinity (kJ/mol) |
101 |
| First Ionization Energy (kJ/mol) |
711.1 |
| Second Ionization Energy (kJ/mol) |
1617.1 |
| Third Ionization Energy (kJ/mol) |
2746.9 |
| Electronegativity |
2.2 |
| Polarizability (Å3) |
9.6 |
| Atomic Weight |
101.07 |
| Atomic Volume (cm3/mol) |
8.1 |
| Ionic Radius2- (pm) |
--- |
| Ionic Radius1- (pm) |
--- |
| Atomic Radius (pm) |
134 |
| Ionic Radius1+ (pm) |
--- |
| Ionic Radius2+ (pm) |
--- |
| Ionic Radius3+ (pm) |
82 |
| Common Oxidation Numbers |
+3, +4 |
| Other Oxid. Numbers |
-2, +1, +2, +5, +6, +7, +8 |
| Abundance |
| In Earth's Crust (mg/kg) |
1.00x10-3 |
| In Earth's Ocean (mg/L) |
7.0x10-7 |
| In Human Body (%) |
0% |
| Regulatory / Health |
| CAS Number |
7440-18-8 |
| OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) |
No limits |
| OSHA PEL Vacated 1989 |
No limits |
| NIOSH Recommended Exposure Limit |
No limits |
Sources:
Mineral Information Institute
Jefferson Accelerator Laboratory
EnvironmentalChemistry.com |
|
Ruthenium is a relatively inert chemical element with atomic number 44. It is a rare transition metal with atomic symbol Ru that belongs within the platinum group of metals within the periodic table. As in the case of other metals of the platinum group, ruthenium is relatively unreactive as a chemical element.
| This article is written at a definitional level only. Authors wishing to improve this entry are inivited to expand the present treatment, which additions will be peer reviewed prior to publication of any expansion. |
Are you absolutely sure you want to delete this article? This process cannot be undone and is permanent.
Yes, Delete This Article
Are you absolutely sure you want to remove this article? This process cannot be undone and is permanent.
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