Sandstrom, Johan Wilhelm
Published: May 8, 2008, 11:29 pm
Updated: August 22, 2012, 1:46 pm
This article has been reviewed by the following Topic Editor:
Peter Saundry
Johan Wilhelm Sandstrom (1874-1947), a German oceanographer, first described the fundamental mechanisms of the energy transfers that drive ocean circulation. He modeled oceanic circulation as a heat engine driven by gradients in temperature, pressure, and volume. Sandstrom's Theorem (1916) states that a closed steady circulation can only be maintained in oceans if the heat source is situated at a lower level than the cold source. Sandstrom's work would form the basis for understanding the role of oceans in global climate change.
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Citation
Cutler J. Cleveland (Lead Author);Peter Saundry (Topic Editor) "Sandstrom, Johan Wilhelm". In: Encyclopedia of Earth. Eds. Cutler J. Cleveland (Washington, D.C.: Environmental Information Coalition, National Council for Science and the Environment). [First published in the Encyclopedia of Earth May 8, 2008; Last revised Date August 22, 2012; Retrieved May 24, 2013 <http://www.eoearth.org/article/Sandstrom,_Johan_Wilhelm>
The Author
Cutler J. Cleveland is Professor of Earth and Environment at Boston University, where he also is on the faculty of the Center for Energy and Environmental Studies. Professor Cleveland is Editor-in-Chief of the Encyclopedia of Energy (Elsevier, 2004), winner of an American Library Association award, the Dictionary of Energy (Elsevier, 2005), Handbook of Energy (Elsevier, forthcoming), and is the Founding Editor-in-Chief of the Encyclopedia of Earth. He is the recipient of the Adelma ... (Full Bio)
Johan Wilhelm Sandstrom (1874-1947), a German oceanographer, first described the fundamental mechanisms of the energy transfers that drive ocean circulation. He modeled oceanic circulation as a heat engine driven by gradients in temperature, pressure, and volume. Sandstrom's Theorem (1916) states that a closed steady circulation can only be maintained in oceans if the heat source is situated at a lower level than the cold source. Sandstrom's work would form the basis for understanding the role of oceans in global climate change.
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