Young, James
Published: November 14, 2008, 8:57 pm
Updated: November 14, 2008, 8:57 pm
This article has been reviewed by the following Topic Editor:
Peter Saundry
James Young.
James Young (1811-1883) was a Scottish inventor who first extracted paraffin from oil-rich shales and coals. He went on to set up a successful industry based on these principles. In 1848, he established an oil refinery at Alfreton, Derbyshire. Then, in 1850, he patented a process for extracting oil from cannel coal. Beginning in 1851, he established refineries in the Lothians, processing cannel-coal and oil shale years before the first American or Middle Eastern oil well was drilled. His patent, in which cannel coal was heated to a specified temperature within an enclosed vessel or "retort" in order to release an oil vapor, was the forerunner of modern oil shale conversion technologies.
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Citation
Cutler J. Cleveland (Lead Author);Peter Saundry (Topic Editor) "Young, James". In: Encyclopedia of Earth. Eds. Cutler J. Cleveland (Washington, D.C.: Environmental Information Coalition, National Council for Science and the Environment). [First published in the Encyclopedia of Earth November 14, 2008; Last revised Date November 14, 2008; Retrieved May 21, 2013 <http://www.eoearth.org/article/Young,_James>
The Author
Cutler J. Cleveland is Professor of Earth and Environment at Boston University, where he also is on the faculty of the Center for Energy and Environmental Studies. Professor Cleveland is Editor-in-Chief of the Encyclopedia of Energy (Elsevier, 2004), winner of an American Library Association award, the Dictionary of Energy (Elsevier, 2005), Handbook of Energy (Elsevier, forthcoming), and is the Founding Editor-in-Chief of the Encyclopedia of Earth. He is the recipient of the Adelma ... (Full Bio)
James Young.
James Young (1811-1883) was a Scottish inventor who first extracted paraffin from oil-rich shales and coals. He went on to set up a successful industry based on these principles. In 1848, he established an oil refinery at Alfreton, Derbyshire. Then, in 1850, he patented a process for extracting oil from cannel coal. Beginning in 1851, he established refineries in the Lothians, processing cannel-coal and oil shale years before the first American or Middle Eastern oil well was drilled. His patent, in which cannel coal was heated to a specified temperature within an enclosed vessel or "retort" in order to release an oil vapor, was the forerunner of modern oil shale conversion technologies.
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