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Alfred W. Crosby, Jr., is Professor Emeritus of History, Geography, and American Studies at the University of Texas at Austin. His publications in environmental and epidemiological history include The Columbian Exchange: Biological and Cultural Consequences of 1492 (1972), Ecological Imperialism: The Biological Expansion of Europe, 900-1900 (1986), and Germs, Seeds, and Animals: Studies in Ecological History (1994). His most recent work is The Measure of Reality: Quantification and Western Society, 1250-1600 (1997).