IPCC Fourth Assessment Report, Working Group I: Annex 4

Published: March 25, 2010, 12:00 am

Updated: November 24, 2011, 10:51 am

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Table of Contents

# A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W Z Regional Abbreviations used in Chapter

Acronyms & Regional Abbreviations

#

• 20C3M 20^th Century Climate in Coupled Models

A

• AABW Antarctic Bottom Water
• AAIW Antarctic Intermediate Water
• AAO Antarctic Oscillation
• AATSR Advanced Along Track Scanning Radiometer
• ACC Antarctic Circumpolar Current
• ACCENT Atmospheric Composition Change: a European Network
• ACE Accumulated Cyclone Energy or Aerosol Characterization Experiment
• ACRIM Active Cavity Radiometer Irradiance Monitor
• ACRIMSAT Active Cavity Radiometer Irradiance Monitor Satellite
• ACW Antarctic circumpolar wave
• ADEC Aeolian Dust Experiment on Climate
• ADNET Asian Dust Network
• AeroCom Aerosol Model Intercomparison
• AERONET Aerosol RObotic NETwork
• AGAGE Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment
• AGCM Atmospheric General Circulation Model
• AGWP Absolute Global Warming Potential
• AIACC Assessments of Impacts and Adaptations to Climate Change in Multiple Regions and Sectors
• AIC aviation-induced cloudiness
• ALAS Autonomous LAgrangian Current Explorer
• ALE Atmospheric Lifetime Experiment
• AMIP Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project
• AMO Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation
• AMSU Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit
• AO Arctic Oscillation
• AOGCM Atmosphere-Ocean General Circulation Model
• APEX Atmospheric Particulate Environment Change Studies
• AR4 Fourth Assessment Report
• ARM Atmospheric Radiation Measurement
• ASOS Automated Surface Observation Systems
• ASTEX Atlantic Stratocumulus Transition Experiment
• ATCM Atmospheric Transport and Chemical Model
• ATSR Along Track Scanning Radiometer
• AVHRR Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer

B

• BATS Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study
• BC black carbon
• BCC Beijing Climate Center
• BCCR Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research
• BIOME 6000 Global Palaeovegetation Mapping project
• BMRC Bureau of Meteorology Research Centre

C

• C⁴MIP Coupled Carbon Cycle Climate Model Intercomparison Project
• CaCO₃ calcium carbonate
• CAMS Climate Anomaly Monitoring System (NOAA)
• CAPE Convective Available Potential Energy
• CCl₄ carbon tetrachloride
• CCM Chemistry-Climate Model
• CCCma Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis
• CCN cloud condensation nuclei
• CCSR Centre for Climate System Research
• CDIAC Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center
• CDW Circumpolar Deep Water
• CERES Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System
• CERFACS Centre Europeen de Recherche et de Formation Avancee en Calcul Scienti?c
• CF₄ per?uoromethane
• CFC chloro?uorocarbon
• CFCl₃ CFC-11
• CH₂I₂ di-iodomethane (methylene iodide)
• CH₂O formaldehyde
• CH₃CCl₃ methyl chloroform
• CH₃COOH acetic acid
• CH₄ methane
• CLAMS Chesapeake Lighthouse and Aircraft Measurements for Satellites
• CLARIS Europe-South America Network for Climate Change Assessment and Impact Studies
• CLIMAP Climate: Long-range Investigation, Mapping, and Prediction
• CLIVAR Climate Variability and Predictability Programme
• CMAP CPC Merged Analysis of Precipitation
• CMDL Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory (NOAA)
• CMIP Coupled Model Intercomparison Project
• CNRM Centre National de Recherches Météorologiques
• CO carbon monoxide
• CO₂ carbon dioxide
• CO₃^2– carbonate
• COADS Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set
• COARE Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment
• COBE-SST Centennial in-situ Observation-Based Estimates of SSTs
• COWL Cold Ocean-Warm Land
• CPC Climate Prediction Center (NOAA)
• CREAS Regional Climate Change Scenarios for South America
• CRIEPI Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry
• CRUTEM2v CRU/Hadley Centre gridded land-surface air temperature version 2v
• CRUTEM3 CRU/Hadley Centre gridded land-surface air temperature version 3
• CSIRO Commonwealth Scienti?c and Industrial Research Organization
• CTM Chemical Transport Model

D

• DEMETER Development of a European Multimodel Ensemble System for Seasonal to Interannual Prediction
• DIC dissolved inorganic carbon
• DJF December, January, February
• DLR Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt
• DMS dimethyl sulphide
• D-O Dansgaard-Oeschger
• DOC dissolved organic carbon
• DORIS Determination d’Orbite et Radiopositionnement Intégrés par Satellite
• DSOW Denmark Strait Over?ow Water
• DSP Dynamical Seasonal Prediction
• DTR diurnal temperature range
• DU Dobson unit

E

• EARLINET European Aerosol Research Lidar Network
• EBM Energy Balance Model
• ECMWF European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts
• ECS equilibrium climate sensitivity
• EDGAR Emission Database for Global Atmospheric Research
• EMIC Earth System Model of Intermediate Complexity
• ENSO El Niño-Southern Oscillation
• EOF Empirical Orthogonal Function
• EOS Earth Observing System
• EPICA European Programme for Ice Coring in Antarctica
• ERA-15 ECMWF 15-year reanalysis
• ERA-40 ECMWF 40-year reanalysis
• ERBE Earth Radiation Budget Experiment
• ERBS Earth Radiation Budget Satellite
• ERS European Remote Sensing satellite
• ESRL Earth System Research Library (NOAA)
• ESTOC European Station for Time-series in the Ocean
• EUROCS EUROpean Cloud Systems

F

• FACE Free Air CO₂ Enrichment
• FAO Food and Agriculture Organization (UN)
• FAR First Assessment Report
• FRCGC Frontier Research Center for Global Change
• FRSGC Frontier Research System for Global Change

G

• GAGE Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment
• GARP Global Atmospheric Research Program
• GATE GARP Atlantic Tropical Experiment
• GAW Global Atmosphere Watch
• GCM General Circulation Model
• GCOS Global Climate Observing System
• GCSS GEWEX Cloud System Study
• GEIA Global Emissions Inventory Activity
• GEOS Goddard Earth Observing System
• GEWEX Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment
• GFDL Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory
• GHCN Global Historical Climatology Network
• GHG greenhouse gas
• GIA glacial isostatic adjustment
• GIN Sea Greenland-Iceland-Norwegian Sea
• GISP2 Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2
• GISS Goddard Institute for Space Studies
• GLACE Global Land Atmosphere Coupling Experiment
• GLAMAP Glacial Ocean Mapping
• GLAS Geoscience Laser Altimeter System
• GLODAP Global Ocean Data Analysis Project
• GLOSS Global Sea Level Observing System
• GMD Global Monitoring Division (NOAA)
• GOME Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment
• GPCC Global Precipitation Climatology Centre
• GPCP Global Precipitation Climatology Project
• GPS Global Positioning System
• GRACE Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment
• GRIP Greenland Ice Core Project
• GSA Great Salinity Anomaly
• Gt gigatonne (10⁹ tonnes)
• GWE Global Weather Experiment
• GWP Global Warming Potential

H

• H₂ molecular hydrogen
• HadAT Hadley Centre Atmospheric Temperature data set
• HadAT2 Hadley Centre Atmospheric Temperature data set Version 2
• HadCRUT2v Hadley Centre/CRU gridded surface temperature data set version 2v
• HadCRUT3 Hadley Centre/CRU gridded surface temperature data set version 3
• HadISST Hadley Centre Sea Ice and Sea Surface Temperature data set
• HadMAT Hadley Centre Marine Air Temperature data set
• HadRT Hadley Centre Radiosonde Temperature data set
• HadRT2 Hadley Centre Radiosonde Temperature data set version 2
• HadSLP2 Hadley Centre MSLP data set version 2
• HadSST2 Hadley Centre SST data set version 2
• HALOE Halogen Occultation Experiment
• HCFC hydrochloro?uorocarbon
• HCO₃^– bicarbonate
• HFC hydro?uorocarbon
• HIRS High Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder
• HLM High Latitude Mode
• HNO₃ nitric acid
• HO₂ hydroperoxyl radical
• HONO nitrous acid
• HOT Hawaii Ocean Time-Series
• hPa hectopascal
• HYDE HistorY Database of the Environment

I

• IABP International Arctic Buoy Programme
• ICESat Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite
• ICOADS International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set
• ICSTM Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine
• IGBP International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme
• IGBP-DIS IGBP Data and Information System
• IGRA Integrated Global Radiosonde Archive
• IMO International Meteorological Organization
• INDOEX Indian Ocean Experiment
• InSAR Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar
• IO iodine monoxide
• IOCI Indian Ocean Climate Initiative
• IOD Indian Ocean Dipole
• IOZM Indian Ocean Zonal Mode
• IPAB International Programme for Antarctic Buoys
• IPO Inter-decadal Paci?c Oscillation
• IPSL Institut Pierre Simon Laplace
• IS92 IPCC Scenarios 1992
• ISCCP International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project
• ITCZ Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone

J

• JAMSTEC Japan Marine Science and Technology Center
• JJA June, July, August
• JMA Japan Meteorological Agency

K

• ka thousand years ago
• KMA Korea Meteorological Administration
• KNMI Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute
• kyr thousand year

L

• LASG National Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics
• LBA Large-Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia
• LBC lateral boundary condition
• LBL line-by-line
• LGM Last Glacial Maximum
• LIG Last Interglacial
• LKS Lanzante-Klein-Seidel
• LLGHG long-lived greenhouse gas
• LLJ Low-Level Jet
• LLNL Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
• LMD Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique
• LOA Laboratoire d’Optique Atmospherique
• LOSU level of scienti?c understanding
• LSCE Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement
• LSM land surface model
• LSW Labrador Sea Water
• LW longwave
• LWP liquid water path

M

• µmol micromole

• Ma million years ago
• MAM March, April, May
• MARGO Multiproxy Approach for the Reconstruction of the Glacial Ocean surface
• mb millibar
• MDI Michelson Doppler Imager
• Meteosat European geostationary meteorological satellite
• MFR Maximum Feasible Reduction
• MHT meridional heat transport
• MINOS Mediterranean Intensive Oxidants Study
• MIP Model Intercomparison Project
• MIRAGE Megacity Impacts on Regional and Global Environments
• MISO Monsoon Intra-Seasonal Oscillation
• MISR Multi-angle Imaging Spectro-Radiometer
• MJO Madden-Julian Oscillation
• MLS Microwave Limb Sounder
• MMD Multi-Model Data set (at PCMDI)
• MOC Meridional Overturning Circulation
• MODIS Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer
• mol mole
• MONEX Monsoon Experiment
• MOPITT Measurements of Pollution in the Troposphere
• MOZAIC Measurement of Ozone by Airbus In-service Aircraft
• MPI Max Planck Institute
• MPIC Max Planck Institute for Chemistry
• MPLNET Micro-Pulse Lidar Network
• MRI Meteorological Research Institute of JMA
• MSLP mean sea level pressure
• MSU Microwave Sounding Unit
• Myr million years

N

• N₂ molecular nitrogen
• N₂O nitrous oxide
• N₂O₅ dinitrogen pentoxide
• NADW North Atlantic Deep Water
• NAH North Atlantic subtropical high
• NAM Northern Annular Mode
• NAMS North American Monsoon System
• NAO North Atlantic Oscillation
• NARCCAP North American Regional Climate Change Assessment Program
• NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration
• NCAR National Center for Atmospheric Research
• NCDC National Climatic Data Center
• NCEP National Centers for Environmental Prediction
• NEAQS New England Air Quality Study
• NEP net ecosystem production
• NESDIS National Environmental Satellite, Data and Information Service
• NGRIP North Greenland Ice Core Project
• NH Northern Hemisphere
• NH₃ ammonia
• NH₄⁺ ammonium ion
• NIES National Institute for Environmental Studies
• NIWA National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research
• NMAT Nighttime Marine Air Temperature
• NMHC non-methane hydrocarbon
• NMVOC non-methane volatile organic compound
• NO nitric oxide
• NO₂ nitrogen dioxide
• NO₃ nitrate radical
• NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
• NO_x reactive nitrogen oxides (the sum of NO and NO₂)
• NPI North Paci?c Index
• NPIW North Paci?c Intermediate Water
• NPP net primary productivity
• NRA NCEP/NCAR reanalysis
• NVAP NASA Water Vapor Project

O

• O(1D) oxygen radical in the 1D excited state
• O₂ molecular oxygen
• O₃ ozone
• OASIS Ocean Atmosphere Sea Ice Soil
• OCTS Ocean Colour and Temperature Scanner
• ODS ozone-depleting substances
• OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
• OGCM Ocean General Circulation Model
• OH hydroxyl radical
• OIO iodine dioxide
• OLR outgoing longwave radiation
• OMI Ozone Monitoring Instrument
• OPAC Optical Parameters of Aerosols and Clouds

P

• PCMDI Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison
• pCO₂ partial pressure of CO₂
• PDF probability density function
• PDI Power Dissipation Index
• PDO Paci?c Decadal Oscillation
• PDSI Palmer Drought Severity Index
• PET potential evapotranspiration
• PETM Palaeocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum
• PFC per?uorocarbon
• Pg petagram (10¹⁵ grams)
• PMIP Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project
• PMOD Physikalisch-Meteorologisches Observatorium Davos
• PNA Paci?c-North American pattern
• PNNL Paci?c Northwest National Laboratory
• PNV potential natural vegetation
• POA primary organic aerosol
• POC particulate organic carbon
• POLDER Polarization and Directionality of the Earth’s Re?ectance
• POM particulate organic matter
• ppb parts per billion
• ppm parts per million
• PR Precipitation Radar
• PREC/L Precipitation Reconstruction over Land
• PROVOST Prediction of Climate Variations on Seasonal to Interannual Time Scales
• PRP Partial Radiative Perturbation
• PSA Paci?c-South American pattern
• PSC polar stratospheric cloud
• PSMSL Permanent Service for Mean Sea Level
• PSU Pennsylvania State University
• psu Practical Salinity Unit

Q

• QBO Quasi-Biennial Oscillation

R

• RATPAC Radiosonde Atmospheric Temperature Products for Assessing Climate
• RCM Regional Climate Model
• REA Reliability Ensemble Average
• REML restricted maximum likelihood
• RF radiative forcing
• RFI Radiative Forcing Index
• RH relative humidity
• RMS root-mean square
• RSL relative sea level
• RSS Remote Sensing Systems
• RTMIP Radiative-Transfer Model Intercomparison Project

S

• SACZ South Atlantic Convergence Zone
• SAFARI Southern African Regional Science Initiative
• SAGE Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment or Centre for Sustainability and the Global Environment
• SAM Southern Annular Mode or Stratospheric Aerosol Measurement
• SAMS South American Monsoon System
• SAMW Subantarctic Mode Water
• SAR Second Assessment Report or Synthetic Aperture Radar
• SARB Surface and Atmosphere Radiation Budget
• SARR Space Absolute Radiometric Reference
• SAT surface air temperature
• SCA snow-covered area
• SCIAMACHY SCanning Imaging Absorption SpectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY
• SCM Simple Climate Model
• SeaWiFs Sea-Viewing Wide Field-of-View Sensor
• SF₆ sulphur hexa?uoride
• SH Southern Hemisphere
• SIO Scripps Institution of Oceanography
• SIS Small Island States
• SLE sea level equivalent
• SLP sea level pressure
• SMB surface mass balance
• SMM Solar Maximum Mission
• SMMR Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer
• SO Southern Oscillation
• SO₂ sulphur dioxide
• SO₄ sulphate
• SOA secondary organic aerosol
• SOHO Solar Heliospheric Observatory
• SOI Southern Oscillation Index
• SOM soil organic matter
• SON September, October, November
• SORCE Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment
• SPARC Stratospheric Processes and their Role in Climate
• SPCZ South Paci?c Convergence Zone
• SPM Summary for Policymakers
• SRALT Satellite radar altimetry
• SRES Special Report on Emission Scenarios
• SSM/I Special Sensor Microwave/Imager
• SST sea surface temperature
• STARDEX STAtistical and Regional dynamical Downscaling of EXtremes for European regions
• STE stratosphere-troposphere exchange
• STMW Subtropical Mode Water
• SUNY State University of New York
• Sv Sverdrup (10⁶ m³ s^–1)
• SW shortwave
• SWE snow water equivalent
• SWH signi?cant wave height

T

• τ_aeraerosol optical depth
• T/P TOPEX/Poseidon
• T12 HIRS channel 12
• T2 MSU channel 2
• T2LT MSU lower-troposphere channel
• T3 MSU channel 3
• T4 MSU channel 4
• TAR Third Assessment Report
• TARFOX Tropospheric Aerosol Radiative Forcing Experiment
• TBO Tropospheric Biennial Oscillation
• TCR transient climate response
• TEAP Technology and Economic Assessment Panel
• TGBM Tide Gauge Bench Mark
• TGICA Task Group on Data and Scenario Support for Impact and Climate Analysis (IPCC)
• THC Thermohaline Circulation
• THIR Temperature Humidity Infrared Radiometer
• TIM Total Solar Irradiance Monitor
• TIROS Television InfraRed Observation Satellite
• TMI TRMM microwave imager
• TOA top of the atmosphere
• TOGA Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere
• TOM top of the model
• TOMS Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer
• TOPEX TOPography EXperiment
• TOVS TIROS Operational Vertical Sounder
• TransCom3 Atmospheric Tracer Transport Model Intercomparison Project
• TRMM Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission
• TSI total solar irradiance

U

• UAH University of Alabama in Huntsville
• UARS Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite
• UCDW Upper Circumpolar Deep Water
• UCI University of California, Irvine
• UEA University of East Anglia
• UHI Urban Heat Island
• UIO University of Oslo
• UKMO United Kingdom Meteorological Office
• ULAQ University of L’Aquila
• UMD University of Maryland
• UMI University of Michigan
• UNEP United Nations Environment Programme
• UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
• USHCN US Historical Climatology Network
• UTC Coordinated Universal Time
• UTRH upper-tropospheric relative humidity
• UV ultraviolet
• UVic University of Victoria

V

• VIRGO Variability of Irradiance and Gravity Oscillations
• VIRS Visible Infrared Scanner
• VOC volatile organic compound
• VOS Voluntary Observing Ships
• VRGCM Variable-Resolution General Circulation Model

W

• W watt
• WAIS West Antarctic Ice Sheet
• WCRP World Climate Research Programme
• WDCGG World Data Centre for Greenhouse Gases
• WGI IPCC Working Group I
• WGII IPCC Working Group II
• WGIII IPCC Working Group III
• WGMS World Glacier Monitoring Service
• WMDW Western Mediterranean Deep Water
• WMO World Meteorological Organization
• WOCE World Ocean Circulation Experiment
• WRE Wigley, Richels and Edmonds (1996)
• WWR World Weather Records

Z

• ZIA 0°C isotherm altitude

Regional Abbreviations used in Chapter 11

• ALA Alaska
• AMZ Amazonia
• ANT Antarctic
• ARC Arctic
• CAM Central America
• CAR Caribbean
• CAS Central Asia
• CGI East Canada, Greenland and Iceland
• CNA Central North America
• EAF East Africa
• EAS East Asia
• ENA Eastern North America
• IND Indian Ocean
• MED Mediterranean Basin
• NAS Northern Asia
• NAU North Australia
• NEU Northern Europe
• NPA North Paci?c Ocean
• SAF South Africa
• SAH Sahara
• SAS South Asia
• SAU South Australia
• SEA Southeast Asia
• SEM Southern Europe and Mediterranean
• SPA South Paci?c Ocean
• SSA Southern South America
• TIB Tibetan Plateau
• TNE Tropical Northeast Atlantic
• WAF West Africa
• WNA Western North America

This is a chapter from IPCC Fourth Assessment Report (full report). Previous: Reviewers (IPCC Fourth Assessment Report, Working Group I: Annex 4)|Table of Contents (IPCC Fourth Assessment Report, Working Group I: Annex 4)|Next: Uncertainty Guidance Note for the Fourth Assessment Report

Citation

Change, I. (2011). IPCC Fourth Assessment Report, Working Group I: Annex 4. Retrieved from http://editors.eol.org/eoearth/wiki/IPCC_Fourth_Assessment_Report,_Working_Group_I:_Annex_4